harsh
英 [hɑ??]
美 [hɑr?]
- adj. 嚴(yán)厲的；嚴(yán)酷的；刺耳的；粗糙的；刺目的
- n. (Harsh)人名；(英)哈什
助記提示
1. hair => harsh, literally "hairy".
2. hair => har- + -sh => harsh.
3. 根據(jù)詞源可以看成是 hairish 簡(jiǎn)化、縮略而來(lái)。字母i都被略掉。
4. 所以，該詞的字面含義是“多毛的”，由此引申為“粗糙的、毛糙的”，后來(lái)又進(jìn)一步引申為“聲音非常的粗糙”，即聲音“刺耳的、難聽(tīng)的”，后來(lái)又引伸出“環(huán)境非常的粗糙”，即“嚴(yán)酷的、嚴(yán)峻的、艱苦的”。
中文詞源
harsh 殘酷的，嚴(yán)厲的可能來(lái)自PIE*kars,刮，拔，梳理羊毛，詞源同card,carduus(拉丁語(yǔ)，薊),chard(多刺葉甜菜).原用于形容織物多毛的，粗糙的，引申詞義殘酷的，嚴(yán)厲的。
英文詞源
- harsh
- harsh: [16] Harsh originally meant ‘hairy’. Its ancestor, Middle Low German harsch, was a derivative of the noun haer ‘hair’, and its exact English equivalent would have been hairish. By the time English acquired it, it had broadened out in meaning to ‘rough’, both literally and figuratively.
- harsh (adj.)
- originally of texture, "hairy," 1530s, probably from Middle English harske "rough, coarse, sour" (c. 1300), a northern word of Scandinavian origin (compare Danish and Norwegian harsk "rancid, rank"), related to Middle Low German harsch "rough, raw," German harst "a rake;" perhaps from PIE root *kars- "to scrape, scratch, rub, card" (cognates: Lithuanian karsiu "to comb," Old Church Slavonic krasta, Russian korosta "to itch," Latin carduus "thistle," Sanskrit kasati "rubs, scratches"). Meaning "offensive to feelings" is from 1570s; that of "disagreeable, rude" from 1610s.
- harsh (v.)
- 1580s, "sound harshly," from harsh (adj.). Meaning "make harsh, subject to harshness" is by 1991. Related: Harshed; harshing. Harshen is attested from 1821.
雙語(yǔ)例句
- 1. His voice was harsh as he enunciated each word carefully.
- 他一字一頓，聽(tīng)上去很生硬。
來(lái)自柯林斯例句
- 2. The light's a bit too harsh. You can turn it off.
- 燈光有點(diǎn)太刺眼了。你可以把燈關(guān)掉。
來(lái)自柯林斯例句
- 3. I hope you won'tbe too harsh with the girl.
- 希望你不要對(duì)那個(gè)女孩太嚴(yán)厲。
來(lái)自柯林斯例句
- 4. The fabric is strong enough to withstand harsh processing.
- 這種織物非常結(jié)實(shí)，能經(jīng)受粗加工。
來(lái)自柯林斯例句
- 5. Issa's white beach hat gleamed in the harsh lights.
- 伊薩的白色沙灘帽在刺眼的陽(yáng)光下閃閃發(fā)亮。
來(lái)自柯林斯例句