直到近代民主革命消滅了皇權(quán)，作為國家象征和最高權(quán)力的代表的人不再是高高在上的統(tǒng)治者，而成了為全民指明前進方向、帶領(lǐng)全民前進的人時候，這兩個字再通過英文 lead 和 leader 聯(lián)系在一起，但究竟是受外文影響聯(lián)系在一起的，還是自發(fā)聯(lián)系在一起的，至今仍有爭議。
lead: [OE] English has two words lead, spelled the same but of course pronounced differently and with a very different history. The verb goes back to a prehistoric West and North Germanic *laithjan. This was derived from *laithō ‘way, journey’ (from which English gets load); so etymologically lead means ‘cause to go along one’s way’. Its Germanic relatives include German leiten, Dutch leiden, Swedish leda, and Danish lede. Lead the metal is probably of Celtic origin.
The prehistoric Celtic word for ‘lead’ was *loudiā, which may have come ultimately from an Indo-European source meaning ‘flow’ (a reference to the metal’s low melting point). Its modern descendants include Irish luaidhe and Gaelic luaidh. It could well have been borrowed into prehistoric West Germanic as *lauda, which would have produced modern German lot ‘solder’, Dutch lood ‘lead’, and English lead. => load
lead (v.1)
"to guide," Old English l?dan "cause to go with one, lead, guide, conduct, carry; sprout forth; bring forth, pass (one's life)," causative of liean "to travel," from Proto-Germanic *laidjan (cognates: Old Saxon lithan, Old Norse liea "to go," Old High German ga-lidan "to travel," Gothic ga-leitan "to go"), from PIE *leit- "to go forth."
Meaning "to be in first place" is from late 14c. Sense in card playing is from 1670s. Related: Led; leading. Lead-off "commencement, beginning" attested from 1879; lead-in "introduction, opening" is from 1928.
lead (n.1)
heavy metal, Old English lead, from West Germanic *loudhom (cognates: Old Frisian lad, Middle Dutch loot, Dutch lood "lead," German Lot "weight, plummet"). The name and the skill in using the metal seem to have been borrowed from the Celts (compare Old Irish luaide), probably from PIE root *plou(d)- "to flow."
Figurative of heaviness since at least early 14c. Black lead was an old name for "graphite," hence lead pencil (1680s) and the colloquial figurative phrase to have lead in one's pencil "be possessed of (especially male sexual) vigor," attested by 1902. Lead balloon "a failure," American English slang, attested by 1957 (as a type of something heavy that can be kept up only with effort, from 1904). Lead-footed "slow" is from 1896; opposite sense of "fast" emerged 1940s in trucker's jargon, from notion of a foot heavy on the gas pedal.
lead (n.2)
c. 1300, "action of leading," from lead (v.1). Meaning "the front or leading place" is from 1560s. Johnson stigmatized it as "a low, despicable word." Sense in card-playing is from 1742; in theater, from 1831; in journalism, from 1912; in jazz bands, from 1934.
lead (v.2)
early 15c., "to make of lead," from lead (n.1). Meaning "to cover with lead" is from mid-15c. Related: Leaded (early 13c.); leading.
雙語例句
1. Politicians say it could lead to a dissolution of parliament.
政客們說這可能會導致議會解散。
來自柯林斯例句
2. The group proceeded with a march they knew would lead to bloodshed.
這個團體繼續(xù)示威游行，他們知道這將導致流血事件的發(fā)生。
來自柯林斯例句
3. This can lead to bodily weakness and muscle wastage.
這樣可能會導致身體虛弱和肌肉萎縮。
來自柯林斯例句
4. Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.
缺乏鍛煉會導致抑郁和疲勞。
來自柯林斯例句
5. The Turkish situation makes the lead in tomorrow's Guardian.